Colloid lovers are distraught by the publication of the 6S study from Scandanavia, which has demonstrated that hydroxy ethyl starches (HES) were associated with poor outcomes (read here). For many of us, however, colloids are like nicotine, caffeine, carbohydrates and heroin rolled into one: we just believe in them. It’s so hard to stop. This month in Critical Care Medicine, a German hospital critical care group proved that you could – quit! (read here – subscription required)
In the Jena intensive care unit, over a 6 year period, clinicians initially used HES, gelatin and crystalloid, then gelatin and crystalloid and ultimately crystalloid only. Bayer and colleagues looked at CVP changes, SvO2, lactate normalisation, normalisation of MAP and discontinuation of vasopressors – comparing each phase against each other. In the first instance, CVP increased faster with colloids than crystalloids, which would be terrific if anyone had ever shown that rapidly increasing CVP improved outcomes. It doesn’t. In fact CVP is next to useless (if you don’t believe me – read this). Fluids are administered to reverse shock, and in each of the phases colloids had no appreciable benefit. Indeed, the amount colloid versus crystalloid was revealing: for HES it was 1:1.4 (HES vs Crystalloid i.e. 700ml Lactated Ringers versus 500ml HES 130/0.4); for gelatin it was 1:1.1 (i.e. 550ml LR versus 500ml gelatin). So there was little, if any, colloid effect. Moreover, patients in the crystalloid group mobilised fluid earlier than those in the colloid group.
So, colloids had no beneficial effect. What about harm? There was more acute kidney injury, worsened renal indices and longer continuous renal replacement therapy in the colloid group. Finally, patients who received colloids spent longer on mechanical ventilators than patients who received crystalloids.
It could be argued that this cohort study was flawed in that, as medicine advance, outcomes necessarily improve. So the newest patients should have had the best outcomes. However, there is no evidence that critical care outcomes are better now than 7 or 8 years ago, nor has the clinical practice move on significantly. From my perspective these data are valid, and may provide a roadmap to navigating ourselves away from the crutch and clutch of colloids.